还在为湖南专升本英语里的特殊句式发愁?刷了无数题,一碰到倒装、强调等特殊句式还是频频出错?别让这些 “拦路虎” 挡住你升本的路!这篇干货满满的文章,带你逐个击破特殊句式,拨开迷雾,精准得分!
倒装句,就像是句子里玩起了 “乾坤大挪移”,把正常的主语和谓语顺序打乱 ,分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
完全倒装:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
部分倒装:只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
表示时间,地点,方位的副词或介词短语位于句首时,需要完全倒装。
结构:标志词(There/时间副词,now,then等/表语/方位副词out,in,up,down,away,of等)+谓语/联系动词+主语
①There are some books on the table.
桌子上有些书。
②Now comes your turn.
现在轮到你了。
③Here is the seat for you.
这是你的座。
(1)否定词/半否定词开头: Never, Seldom, Hardly, Not only... but also..., No sooner...than..., Under no circumstances...
① Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.(助动词have提前)
我从未见过如此美丽的日落。
②Not only does she speak English fluently, but she also speaks French.(助动词dose提前)
她不仅英语说得流利,而且法语也说得很好。
(2)“Only + 状语”开头: Only then, Only in this way, Only when...
① Only when you put in enough effort can you succeed in the entrance exam.(助动词提前)
只有当你付出足够的努力,你才能在入学考试中取得成功。
②only when you grow up,can you understand your parents.
只有当你长大了,你才能理解你的父母。
(3)So/Such... that... 结构前置: So + 形容词/副词 / Such + 名词放句首。
①So difficult was the exam that many students felt challenged.(系动词was提前)
这次考试如此之难,以至于许多学生都感到很有挑战性。
②So kind is she that she deserves all my respect.
她如此善良,值得我所有的尊敬。
(4)反复倒装:”也”半倒
肯定句:so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语。表示“(主语)也这样”,上一句也是肯定句。(表示“确实如此”时不用倒装)
否定句:neiter / nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语。表示“(主语)也不是这样”,上一句是否定句。
① ——He was a teacher.
——So was I.
他曾是一名教师。
我也曾是。
② ——It is veny cold today.
——So it is.
今天非常冷。
确实如此。
③ ——He wasn't happy.
——Neither / Nor was his wife.
他不开心。
他妻子也不开心。
顾名思义,就是起强调作用的句子。为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。
谓语前加do、does、did。
①过去的事:did+动词原形进行强调确实...,太...;
②现在的事:do+动词原形进行强调;
③现在时的第三人称单数:does+动词原形进行强调。
①I did trust you.
我确实相信过你。
It is / was+被强调部分+that / who+句子的其余部分”, 翻译为“正是...”(被强调部分为主语、宾语或状语));
当被强调部分指人且做主语时用who,that万能;
强调句判断方法:把强调句型去掉之后,剩余部分仍是一个结构完整、语义清晰的句子。
原句:
He bought three books in the bookstore yesterday.
他昨天在书店买了三本书。
①强调主语:
lt was he that / who bought three books in the bookstore yesterday.
他昨天在书店买了3本书。
②强调宾语:
lt was three books that he bought in the bookstore yesterday.
他昨天在书店买了3本书。
③强调时间状语:
It was yesterday that he bought three books in the bookstore.
他昨天在书店买了3本书。
It‘’s / was not until...that...
直到...才...
①He didn't go to bed until his wife came back.
→It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
直到他妻子回来,他才去睡觉。
②I did not know true happiness until I met you.
→It was not until I met you that I knew the true happines.
直到遇见你,我才懂得真正的幸福。
一般疑问句:Is / was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is / was it that / who+其他成分?
陈述句:
It is because he is ill that he can't come.
正是因为生病,他才不能来。
①一般疑问句:
Is it because he is ill that he can't come?
是因为生病他才不能来吗?
②特殊疑问句:
why is it that he can't come?
是什么原因他才不能来?
反义疑问句,由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是简短问句。(陈述句+简略疑问句)。它不是纯粹提问,而是用来表示说话者的看法、期待对方同意或确认信息,语气通常比较委婉。
特点:
(1)前肯后否,前否后肯(前一部分是肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式;前一部分是否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式);
(2)助动词一致,主语一致;
(3)简略疑问句的主语用人称代词替代。
“前肯后否,前否后肯” 是铁律!尾句的动词/助动词必须与陈述句的时态和谓语动词形式保持一致,且需保持人称一致。
①You are preparing for the Hunan college-to-university promotion exam, aren’t you? (前肯:are,后否:aren't + 主语 you)
你正在准备湖南专升本考试,对吗?
② She didn’t finish her homework yesterday, did she? (前否:didn't ,后肯:did + 主语 she)
她昨天没有完成家庭作业,对吗?
主语指代: 疑问句的主语必须用代词指代陈述句的主语。
①The students have made great progress, haven’t they?(主语为 students,尾句用they)
学生们已经取得了很大的进步,对吗?
②Learning grammar is essential ,isn’t it?(主语 Learning grammar ,尾句用 it)
学习语法是必不可少的,对吗?
陈述句中含有由un-,im-,in-,dis-等表否定意义的前缀构成的单词时,反意疑问部分用否定形式。
关键:否定前缀不改变句子的语法肯定属性,反意疑问需遵循 “肯定陈述句 + 否定反问” 的规则。
①She seems unhappy today, doesn’t she?
她今天看起来不开心,不是吗?
解析:“unhappy” 含否定前缀,但句子为肯定结构,反意用 “doesn’t she”(否定式)
②It is impossible to finish the task, isn’t it?
完成任务不可能,是吗?
解析:“impossible” 表否定含义,但语法上是肯定句,反意用 “isn’t it”。
③The man is dishonest, isn’t he?
这个人不诚实,不是吗?
解析:“dishonest” 含否定前缀,句子仍为肯定,反意用 “isn’t he”。
陈述句中含有表否定意义的词时,反问句用肯定式。
否定词:hardly/scarcely/barely;seldom/rarely;few /little;no / never/ not / nothing。
①You didn’t go, did you?
你没去,是吗?
②She never tells lies,does she?
她从不说谎,对吗?
③He doesn't like English,does he?
他不喜欢英语,是吗?
主语是表人的不定代词,如:everyone,anybody,no one...,疑问部分用they;
表示物,如:anything,everything,that,this,疑问句主语用it。
①Everyone is having a good time,aren't they?
每个人都玩得很开心,不是吗?
②No one was hurt in the accident,were they?
事故中没有人受伤,是吗?
(1)陈述句是主从复合句时,反问句通常与主句的主谓保持一致。
① Jenny says that I wrote it,doesn't she?
珍妮说那是我写的,对吗?
②He said you would help him, didn’t he?(尾句对应主句 He said)
他说过你会帮他,对吗?
③You don’t think he can pass, do you? (尾句对应主句 You don't think)
你不认为他能通过,对吗?
(2)当主句部分是I / we+think / believe / suppose / guess/ expect....疑问部分与从句保持一致,肯否看整体;I / we+think / believe引导宾语从句时要注意否定前移。
①We think he will be back in a few days,won't he?
我们认为他会在几天后回来,对吗?
②I don't believe that they have known it , have they?
我不相信他们已经知道了这件事,对吗?
(1)Let's 引导,反问句用shall we?
(2)肯定动原开头,反问句用will / won't you?
(3)Don't+动原,反问句用will you?
(4)Let us / me 引导或肯定/否定祈使句,用will you?
①Let's begin our class,shall we?
咱们开始上课吧,好吗?
②Let us stop to rest,will you?
请允许我们停下来休息一下,好吗?
(1)陈述句must + have done / been,反问句用haven't / hasn't;
逻辑:此时 “must” 表示对已发生动作或状态的推测,反意疑问基于 “完成时” 结构,不考虑 “must” 的情态动词属性。
①They must have been tired, haven't they ?
桌子上有些书。
解析:“must have been” 表状态推测,反意用 “haven't”。
②He must have finished the work , hasn't he?
他一定完成了工作,对吗?
解析:“must have finished” 表推测,无过去时间,反意用 “hasn't”。
(2)陈述句must+have done+过去时间,反问句用didn't;
逻辑:当句中有明确过去时间状语时,“must” 的推测指向 “过去某个具体时间点的动作”,反意疑问基于 “一般过去时”。
①She must have left yesterday, didn't she?
她昨天一定离开了,对吗?
解析:“yesterday” 为过去时间,反意用 “didn't”,对应 “left” 的过去式。
②We must have visited the park last week, didn't we?
我们上周一定去过公园了,对吗?
解析:“last week” 限定过去时间,反意用 “didn't”,忽略 “must” 的推测含义。
(3)陈述句must+have been+过去时间,反问句用wasn't / weren't;
逻辑:“must have been” 表示对过去状态的推测,加过去时间状语后,反意疑问基于 “过去时的 be 动词”,用 “wasn't/weren't”。
①He must have been angry yesterday,wasn't he?
他昨天一定生气了,对吗?
解析:“yesterday” 为过去时间,“must have been” 表过去状态,反意用 “wasn't”。
②The rooms must have been empty last month, weren't they?
这些房间上个月一定是空的,对吗?
解析:“last month” 为过去时间,主语 rooms 为复数,反意用 “weren't”。
陈述句是there be句型,反问句主语用there。
①There is something wrong,isn‘’t there?
有什么地方不对劲,对吗?
②There are many students in the classroom, aren’t there?
教室里有很多学生,对吗?
③There weren’t enough chairs yesterday,were there?
昨天椅子不够,对吗?
(1)关键要关注句首的标志词:
→ 否定词(Never/Seldom/Never before/Not until...)
→ Only+状语(Only then/Only in this way...)
→ So/Such...that(So loud/Such a noise...)
(2)判动词变化:
→ 见到标志词,立刻检查谓语!
→ 实义动词需加助动词(do/does/did)提前(如:did he speak);
→ 系动词/情态动词直接提前(如:is he, can we)。
(1)套结构公式:
→ It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 剩余部分;
(2)验证必杀技:
→ 去掉It is/was...that/who,剩余部分必须是完整句子!
(1)牢记它的构成规则,即 “前肯后否,前否后肯” 。但要注意特殊情况:
→陈述句含never/few/little/nobody视为否定,尾句用肯定(前否后肯)!
→当陈述句中含有带否定前缀的词,如 “unhappy、dislike、impossible” 等时,因为句子的意义仍然是肯定的,所以问句部分还是要用否定形式 (前肯后否)!
①He hardly goes to school by bike, does he?
他几乎不骑自行车上学,是吗?
②She is unhappy, isn’t she?”
她很不开心,对吧?
(2)抓动词代词:
→ 尾句动词与陈述句时态一致(如:has→hasn't; did→didn't);
→ 尾句主语必须用代词(如:students→they)。
1.______ did he realize the importance of mastering grammar until he failed the mock exam.
A. Only
B. Not only
C. Never
D. Seldom
【精析】C
句首有否定词(Never)时,句子需要部分倒装(助动词did提前)。句意为“直到模拟考试失败,他才意识到掌握语法的重要性”。A. Only 需要后接状语(如 Only then),B. Not only 通常与but also连用,D. Seldom虽表否定,但放在这里意思不通顺。
2.You have finished reviewing all the special sentence structures, ______?
A. haven't you
B. have you
C. don't you
D. didn't you
【精析】A
陈述部分为肯定(You have finished),时态为现在完成时(have finished),主语是You。遵循“前肯后否”原则,尾句用否定形式haven't you? (助动词have + not + 主语you)。句意为“你已经复习完所有的特殊句式了,对吧?”。
3.It was in the small study room on the second floor ______ I finally understood this concept.
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. which
【精析】C
这是标准的强调句型:It was + 被强调部分 (in the small study room on the second floor) + that + 句子剩余部分。强调地点状语。A. where 用于定语从句或地点状语从句,B. when 用于时间状语从句,D. which 用于定语从句。
4.______ his encouragement and practical advice ______ helped me regain confidence.
A. It was; that
B. It is; what
C. That was; which
D. What; that
【精析】A
强调句型结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 (his encouragement and practical advice) + that + 句子剩余部分 (helped me regain confidence)。被强调部分是主语(两个并列名词短语),且动作发生在过去(helped),所以用It was... that...。B. It is 时态不对,C. That was 和 D. What 均不符合强调句结构。
5.So loudly ______ that everyone in the library looked at him.
A. he spoke
B. spoke he
C. did he speak
D. he did speak
【精析】C
这“So + 形容词/副词” 放句首时,句子需要部分倒装。主语是he,谓语是spoke(实义动词过去式),所以需要助动词did提前构成倒装。句意为“他说话声音如此之大,以至于图书馆里每个人都看着他”。A、D 是正常语序,B 虽倒装但实义动词提前错误(应借助助动词)。
6.There is little time left before the exam, ______?
A. isn't there
B. is there
C. hasn't it
D. has it
【精析】B
陈述部分含有否定词little(几乎没有),视为否定句。遵循“前否后肯”原则,尾句用肯定形式。主语是little time (不可数名词,视为单数),be动词是is,所以尾句是is there?。句意为“考试前没多少时间了,是吧?”
今天我们深入剖析了倒装句、强调句和反义疑问句这三种专升本英语中的特殊句式,从结构到用法,再通过真题演练巩固,相信宝子们对它们已经有了更清晰的认识 。但学习英语是一场持久战,这些特殊句式只是其中的一小部分,要想在专升本英语考试中取得好成绩,还得持续努力。
别着急,特殊句式的下篇马上安排!到时会继续分享其他特殊句式,记得关注公众号,一起拿下专升本英语,冲鸭!