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• a group of children 一群孩子
• two baskets of apples 两篮子苹果
• two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶
• three cups of coffee 三杯咖啡
• the children's toys 儿童玩具
• My parents’ hometown is very beautiful.
我父母的家乡非常美。
• students’ desks. 学生们的课桌
• A square has four sides.
正方形有四条边。
• She is an engineer. 她是一名工程师。
• Plastic is hard to break up.
塑料很难分解。
• Water is essential for life.
水是生命必需的。
• The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起，西方落下。
• They traveled to the southwest for vacation.
他们去西南部度假了。
• I have only read four books of Dickens's.
我只看过狄更斯的四本书。
• This is a painting of Picasso’s.
这是毕加索的一幅画作。
A(+B)+and+C+’s表示两者或多者共同拥有。
• Professor Wang is Li Ming and Li Ling' s mother.
王教授是李明和李玲的妈妈。
• Tom, Jerry, and Mike’s team won the competition.
汤姆、杰瑞和迈克的团队赢得了比赛。
A+'s（+B+'s...)+and+C+'s表示两者或多者分别拥有。
• Tim' s and Peter' fathers both teach in the same school.
蒂姆的爸爸和彼得的爸爸在同一所学校教学。
• The teacher’s and students’ opinions vary on this issue.
老师和学生们在这个问题上的观点各不相同。
名词+of+名词，一般用于无生命事物的名词，有时也可表示人或其他有生命事物的名词间的所有关系。
• The windows of that house are broken.
那间屋子的窗户破了。
• The cover of the book is blue.
书的封面是蓝色的。
many等+复数可数名词，只修饰复数可数名词的词或短语，如：a great many，quite a few等。
• He made a great many mistakes.
他犯了许多错误。
• Quite a few friends visited me last week.
上周有不少朋友来看望我。
much等+不可数名词，只修饰不可数名词的词或短语，比如a good / great / large amount of等。
• We got little help from them.
我们没有从他们那儿得到什么帮助。
• He showed a great deal of kindness.
他表现出极大的善意。
a lot of等+复数可数名词/不可数名词既可以修饰复数可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词的词或短语，如：plenty of，lots of， quantities of， a quantity of等。
• Some police officers in the Uk carry guns，but most of them don't.
在英国，一些警官带枪，但大多数不带。
• We have lots of time to finish this.
我们有足够的时间完成这个。
• The tiger is without doubt the most magnificent of the big cats.
老虎无疑是大型猫科动物中最威武的。
• This is the most beautiful city I’ve visited.
这是我去过的最美的城市。
a/an+单数可数名词表示泛指、初次提到、“一；每”等意义。
• He was born in a small mountainous village in Guizhou Province.
他出生在贵州省的一个小山村里。
• The car travels at 60 miles an hour.
这辆车以每小时 60 英里的速度行驶。
we+you+they用于多个复数人称并列的场合。（英语中多人物并列时，顺序通常为 第二人称 → 第三人称 → 第一人称。）
• You，they and we are all Chinese.
你们、他们和我们都是中国人。
• You，they and we are all responsible for maintaining a safe environment.
你们、他们和我们都有责任维护安全的环境。
• He and she don't agree with me.
他和她不同意我的看法。
• He and she are both excellent students in the class.
他和她都是班上的优秀学生。
a/an+专有名词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一个不认识的人或不确定的时间。
• The story took place in an October during the 1980s.
这个故事发生在20世纪80年代一个10月。
• He wants to be a Newton in the field of physics.
他想成为物理学界的牛顿。
a/an+抽象名词，当抽象名词表示具体的人或事物，或表示引起人们某种情绪、情感的人或事时，视为可数名词，可用不定冠词修饰。
• Working with Jane is a great joy.
和简一起工作是一件很快乐的事情。
• She is a success in both career and family.
她在事业和家庭上都是成功的人。
a/an+物质名词，如fog，rain，snow，wind等前面用不定冠词，表示“一...之意。
• I'd like a coffee and a chicken sandwich，sir.
先生，我要一杯咖啡和一个鸡肉三明治。
• We were caught in a sudden rain on our way home.
回家路上我们遭遇了一场突如其来的雨。
the+名词，特指上文提到过的、特定的或谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。
• I visited a church in Jinan.The church was built in the early 1900s.
我在济南参观了一座教堂。这座教堂建于20世纪初。
• We visited the museum last week. It was amazing.
我们上周去了那家博物馆，太震撼了。
the+sun / earth等，表示自然界独一无二的事物的名词前要用定冠词。
• The sky was filled with stars last night.
昨晚天空布满星星。
• The Grand Canyon attracts millions of visitors each year.
大峡谷每年吸引数百万游客。
the+专有名词，由普通名词构成的专有名词或表示组织等的专有名词前一般都要加定冠词。
• The United States is located in North America.
美国位于北美洲。
• The World Health Organization is responsible for global health issues.
世界卫生组织负责全球健康事务。
the+形容词或分词,表示一类人、事物或抽象概念。
• The new is to take the place of the old.
新事物最终会取代旧事物。
• The old should be respected by society.
老年人应受到社会的尊重。
the+乐器、娱乐活动等类的名词，在表示被演奏的西洋乐器、文艺活动或运动场所的名词前用定冠词。
• I play the guitar in the school band.
我在学校乐队里面弹吉他。
• They went to the theater to watch a play.
他们去剧院看话剧。
动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位，表示身体部位的名词前要用定冠词the。
• The father led his daughter by the hand and walked into the supermarket.
爸爸牵着女儿的手走进了超市。
• The teacher touched the student on the head.
老师摸了摸学生的头。
such/what/half+a/an（+形容词）+单数可数名词。
• He has never written such an interesting book as that.
他从未写过像那本书一样那么有趣的书。
• He spent half a day finishing the work.
他花了半天完成这项工作。
that/as/so/too/how/enough+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词。
• Lily is too young a child to be left by herself at home.
莉莉还太小，不能把她单独留在家里。
• She is so kind a girl that everyone likes her.
她是个如此善良的女孩，大家都喜欢她。
quite/rather+a/an（+形容词)+名词。
• I had quite/rather an easy test yesterday.
我昨天的考试很简单。
• It was quite an interesting movie.
那是一部相当有趣的电影。
all / both / double / half / twice等+the+名词。
• All the students in the class went out.
班里所有的学生都出去了。
• He spent half the money on books.
他把一半的钱花在了书上。
not...but...，意为.不是....而是...。
• Not money but teachers are what we need.
我们需要的不是钱，而是老师。
• She wants not fame, but happiness.
她想要的不是名声，而是幸福。
you+he/she+l，用于多个单数人称并列的场合。（英语中单数人称并列顺序应为：第二人称 → 第三人称 → 第一人称）
• You and I have done our best.
你和我已经尽了我们最大的努力。
• The teacher praised you and her for the project.
老师表扬了你和她的项目。
It+be/get+形容词/名词/介词短语，it用作非人称代词时，常表示天气、日期、时间、距离、温度等。
• It gets colder and colder.
天气变得越来越冷。
• It is a long way to the mountain.
到那座山还有很长的路。
It+be+形容词（+for sb.)+to do sth。
• It is very important for us to master the skills of computers.
对于我们来说，掌握计算机技能是非常重要的。
• It was exciting to watch the game.
看比赛很令人兴奋。
It+be+no use / no good+doing sth.意为“做...是没用的”，动名词是真正的主语，it是形式主语。
• It is no good turning to him. He is always indifferent towards others' matters.
向他求助没用，他对别人的事总是漠不关心。
• It is no use worrying about the exam now.
现在担心考试也没用。
• It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
按照规定你不能把自己电子邮箱的密码告诉别人。
• It was recommended that she take a break.
有人建议她休息一下。
It+be+名词+不定式/that从句，it作形式主语，后面的不定式或that从句是句子的真正主语。
• It is an honour for me to beinvited to speak here.
我很荣幸应邀在这里讲话。
• It is a fact that the earth moves around the sun.
地球绕太阳转是事实。
• It is obvious that he doesn't know how to repair a car.
很明显，他不知道怎样修理汽车。
• It was clear that he didn’t understand the problem.
很明显他没理解这个问题。
It+某些动词+that从句，常用于该公式的动词有：appear，seem，happen等。
• It appears that all the files have been deleted.
所有的档案好像都已经被删除了。
• It happens that I have read this book before.
碰巧我以前读过这本书。
It+be+（high）time...，该句型用于表示 “是时候做某事了”，从句中常用虚拟语气（动词用过去式或 “should + 动词原形”，should 不可省略）
• Now it is time for me to study hard.
现在是我努力学习的时候了。
• It's time you should finish the report.
你该完成报告了。
It+is/has been+时间段+since...，该句型用于表示 “自从…… 以来已经过了多久”。
• It is three months since they completed the great project.
他们完成这项大工程已经3个月了。
• It has been ten years since he graduated from college.
他大学毕业已经十年了。
It+was/will be+时间段+before...，意为过多长时间才...；还要多长时间才...。
• It was several minutes before we realized what was happening.
几分钟后我们才明白发生了什么事。
• t will be three days before the package arrives.
包裹还要三天才到。
• I thought it appropriate to invite her to speak at the meeting.
我认为邀请她在会上发官是合理的。
• He considers it a waste of time watching TV all day.
他觉得整天看电视是浪费时间。
名词+of+形容词性物主代词+own，意为“完全属于自己的......，自己的.....”。
• There is only one success in the world to be able to spend your life in your own way.世界上只有一种成功，那就是能够用自己的方式度过一生。
• She has an idea of her own about the project.
她对这个项目有自己的想法。
“one..，the other...”，意为（两者中的）一个...，另一个...。
• He has two sons. One is a doctor and the other is a soldier.
他有两个儿子，一个是医生，另一个是军人。
• He held a pen in one hand and a notebook in the other.
他一只手拿着笔，另一只手拿着笔记本。
分钟数+past/after+小时分钟数是超过整时数，但在30分钟内的部分，意为“....点过...分”。
• five (minutes) past/after nine .
9点05分。
• He left at a quarter past 9.
他 9 点 15 分离开。
分钟数+to+小时分钟数是超过半点距整点时数的差（分钟数 = 60 - 差分数），意为“差...分...点”。
• The bus leaves at 10 to 9.
公交车 8 点 50 分发车。
• He arrived at a quarter to 11.
他 10 点 45 分到达。
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